{"id":2590,"date":"2021-08-23T23:37:37","date_gmt":"2021-08-23T19:37:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alov.az\/?post_type=faqs&p=2590"},"modified":"2021-08-23T23:37:47","modified_gmt":"2021-08-23T19:37:47","slug":"muqeddes-kelam-deyisib-yaxud-deyismeyib","status":"publish","type":"faqs","link":"https:\/\/xilasinyolu.online\/ru\/faqs\/muqeddes-kelam-deyisib-yaxud-deyismeyib\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s K\u0259lam d\u0259yi\u015fib yaxud d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259yib?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s K\u0259lam(\u0130ncil, T\u00f6vrat, Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rl\u0259r v\u0259 Z\u0259bur kitablar\u0131) d\u0259yi\u015fib yaxud d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259yib?<\/p>\n

M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s K\u0259lam m\u0259tninin \u0259n m\u00fcf\u0259ss\u0259l \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u0259d\u0259k qorunub saxland\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u0259lal\u0259t ed\u0259n iki \u0259sas s\u00fcbut m\u00f6vcuddur- elmi v\u0259 dini.<\/p>\n

1. Elmi s\u00fcbutlar: erk\u0259n d\u00f6vrl\u0259r\u0259 aid k\u00fclli miqdarda \u0259lyazmalar\u0131n m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fu.
\nM\u0259tnl\u0259rin \u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00f6c\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fc materiallar\u0131n k\u00f6vr\u0259kliyi ucbat\u0131ndan he\u00e7 bir original \u0259lyazma \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, d\u00f6vr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u0259d\u0259k g\u0259lib cata bilm\u0259zdi. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 indi malik oldu\u011fumuz q\u0259dim d\u00f6vrl\u0259r\u0259 aid b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259d\u0259biyyat n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri, yaln\u0131z s\u0259lnam\u0259cil\u0259rin \u0259m\u0259yi say\u0259sind\u0259 qorunub saxlana bilmi\u015fdir. \u0130manl\u0131lar da \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259srl\u0259r boyu M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s K\u0259lam\u0131n m\u0259tninin qorunmas\u0131na \u00f6z t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259rini vermi\u015fl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

\u0130ncilin a\u015fkar edilmi\u015f olan \u0259n q\u0259dim hiss\u0259l\u0259ri ikinci y\u00fczilliyin \u0259vv\u0259lin\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcf edir. \u0130ncilin papirus ka\u011f\u0131z\u0131 (qam\u0131\u015fdan d\u00fcz\u0259ldilmi\u015f ka\u011f\u0131z n\u00f6v\u00fc) \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7ox hiss\u0259l\u0259ri is\u0259 ikinci- \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u0259srl\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcf etdiyi m\u0259lum olmu\u015fdur. \u0130ncilin \u0259n erk\u0259n d\u00f6vr\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcf ed\u0259n tam \u0259lyazmalar\u0131 heyvan d\u0259risind\u0259n d\u00fcz\u0259ldilmi\u015f material\u0131n, perqamentin \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Onlar eram\u0131z\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u0259srin\u0259 aiddirl\u0259r. Bu q\u0259dimi \u0259lyazmalardan original m\u0259tnl\u0259rin d\u0259qiql\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunur.<\/p>\n

\u0130ncil \u0259lyazmalar\u0131n\u0131n dig\u0259r q\u0259dimi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259vi analizini aparmaq bu bax\u0131mdan faydal\u0131 olard\u0131. Hal-haz\u0131rda \u0130ncilin t\u0259qrib\u0259n 5300 q\u0259dim yunan \u0259lyazmas\u0131 m\u00f6vcuddur. Bundan ba\u015fqa biz 10000-d\u0259n art\u0131q lat\u0131n Vulqat (M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s K\u0259lam\u0131n q\u0259dim t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si) v\u0259 efiop, slavyan, erm\u0259ni, suriya, \u0259r\u0259b, soqdi v\u0259 fars dill\u0259ri d\u0259 daxil olmaqla, dig\u0259r dill\u0259rd\u0259n olan 9300-d\u0259n art\u0131q \u0259lyazman\u0131 da onun \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik. \u00dcmumilikd\u0259 buradan bel\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259k olur ki, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif dill\u0259rd\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif co\u011frafi regionlarda qorunub saxlanm\u0131\u015f 24000-d\u0259n art\u0131q q\u0259dim \u0259lyazma m\u00f6vcuddur. Onu da \u0259lav\u0259 etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, praktiki olaraq b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130ncili \u0130sa M\u0259sihin erk\u0259n davamc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n z\u0259hm\u0259tinin b\u0259hr\u0259si olan qorunub saxlanm\u0131\u015f 36000 sitat \u0259sas\u0131nda b\u0259rpa etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.
\n\u0130ncil m\u0259tnl\u0259rini t\u0259qrib\u0259n eyni d\u00f6vrd\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f q\u0259dim yunan m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259rinin i\u015fl\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 edin:<\/p>\n

Eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l 59 v\u0259 50-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Sezar\u0131n \u00abQal m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259ri\u00bb, siyah\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck qismind\u0259 qorunsa da onlardan, yaln\u0131z 9 v\u0259 ya 10 d\u0259n\u0259si kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r y\u00fcks\u0259k keyfiyy\u0259t s\u0259viyy\u0259si il\u0259 se\u00e7ilir v\u0259 onlar aras\u0131nda \u0259n q\u0259dim olan\u0131 Sezar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n 900 il sonra yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u00abRoma tarixi\u00bbn\u0259 aid Liviyin (b.e.\u0259 59- b. E 17-ci ill\u0259ri aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda) yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011f\u00fc 142 kitabdan, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n olan 20 siyah\u0131da bizim d\u00f6vr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u0259d\u0259k g\u0259lib \u00e7atm\u0131\u015f yaln\u0131z 35 kitab m\u0259lumdur. Onu da qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, onlar aras\u0131nda \u0259n q\u0259dim olan\u0131 (III-VI \u0259srl\u0259r\u0259 aid kitablardan parcalarla birg\u0259) IV \u0259sr\u0259 aiddir. Tasitin (t\u0259qrib\u0259n b.e 100-c\u00fc ili) yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00abTarix\u00bb kitab\u0131ndan 14 kitabdan, yaln\u0131z d\u00f6rd yar\u0131m\u0131 qorunub saxlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r; onun \u00abAnnal\u00bb\u0131ndan 16 kitabdan 10-u tam, 2-si is\u0259 qism\u0259n saxlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Tasitin iki b\u00f6yuk tarixi \u0259m\u0259yinin n\u0259tic\u0259si olan qorunub saxlanm\u0131\u015f bu fraqmentl\u0259rin b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259tnl\u0259ri taml\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 biri IX \u0259sr\u0259, dig\u0259ri is\u0259 XI \u0259sr\u0259 aid olan iki siyah\u0131ya \u0259saslan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcasir d\u00f6vr\u00fcm\u00fczd\u0259 bir \u00e7ox insanlar \u0130ncilin \u0259n m\u00f6t\u0259b\u0259r m\u0259nb\u0259yinin tap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia edirl\u0259r. Bu m\u0259nb\u0259nin ad\u0131 \u00abBarnaba M\u00fcjd\u0259si\u00bb adlanan bir \u0259lyazmad\u0131r. IV \u0259sr\u0259 aid olan v\u0259 \u00abBarnaba M\u00fcjd\u0259si\u00bb adland\u0131r\u0131lan m\u00f6vcud yegan\u0259 \u0259lyazma italyan dilind\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. M\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan b\u00fct\u00fcn faktlar (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bu \u00ab\u0130ncil\u00bbin XIII \u0259srd\u0259 Dantu t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00ab\u0130lahi Komediya\u00bbya \u0259saslanmas\u0131) s\u00fcbut edir ki, \u0259slind\u0259 bu s\u0259n\u0259d-saxtad\u0131r v\u0259 \u0130ncild\u0259 ad\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n Bar-Nabba (Barnaba) il\u0259 he\u00e7 bir \u0259laq\u0259si yoxdur.<\/p>\n

H\u0259m\u00e7inin T\u00f6vrat\u0131n, Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rl\u0259r Kitab\u0131 v\u0259 Z\u0259bur \u0259lyazmalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259qiqiliyini s\u00fcbut ed\u0259n tutarl\u0131 faktlar m\u00f6vcuddur. VI-X \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 bu kitablar\u0131n \u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f Massoretl\u0259r m\u0259tnl\u0259 b\u00f6yuk ehtiramla davran\u0131rd\u0131lar: \u00ab..massoretl\u0259r \u00fcmumi m\u0259tn\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131q sah\u0259sin\u0259 aid olmayan bir s\u0131ra hesablamalar aparm\u0131\u015flar. Onlar h\u0259r bir kitab\u0131n \u015ferini, s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc v\u0259 h\u0259rfini n\u00f6mr\u0259l\u0259yirdil\u0259r. V\u0259 hans\u0131 s\u00f6z v\u0259 h\u0259rfin h\u0259r bir kitab\u0131n ortas\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015fdiyini hesablay\u0131rd\u0131lar. Onlar \u0259lifban\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00f6zl\u0259rini v\u0259 ya m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n qism h\u0259rfl\u0259ri v\u0259 s. \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n \u015ferl\u0259ri n\u00f6mr\u0259l\u0259yirdil\u0259r. C\u0259sar\u0259tl\u0259 bu i\u015fi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tsiz hesab ets\u0259k d\u0259, o m\u0259tnin \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si sah\u0259sind\u0259 ehtiyatl\u0131 yana\u015fman\u0131 t\u0259min etmi\u015fdir. Qanunun he\u00e7 bir n\u00f6qt\u0259sinin, x\u0259ttinin v\u0259 h\u0259rfinin fraqmentl\u0259rinin yoxa c\u0131xmamas\u0131 v\u0259 ya itm\u0259m\u0259si h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n d\u0259 maraqdand\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131.\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00fc D\u0259nizin ma\u011faralar\u0131nda a\u015fkar edilmi\u015f b\u00fck\u00fcl\u00fc ka\u011f\u0131zlarda M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s Yaz\u0131lar\u0131n h\u0259l\u0259 M\u0259sihin g\u0259li\u015find\u0259n \u00f6nc\u0259ki d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 yaz\u0131ya al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f m\u0259tn \u0259lyazmalar\u0131 var. Bunlar s\u00fcbut edir ki, m\u00fcasir d\u00f6vr\u00fcm\u00fczd\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olan m\u0259tnin \u0259la v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 saxlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2. Ruhani s\u00fcbutlar: Q\u00fcdr\u0259t Sahibi b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259t\u0259 ac\u0131qlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu K\u0259lam\u0131n itm\u0259si v\u0259 ya t\u0259hrif olunmas\u0131na imkan verm\u0259zdi.<\/p>\n

\u00dcc \u0259sas monoteistik dinl\u0259rin m\u0259tnl\u0259rind\u0259 (Y\u0259hudilik, M\u0259sih\u00e7ilik, \u0130slam) Q\u00fcdr\u0259t Sahibinin s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u0259hrif olunmayaca\u011f\u0131 t\u0259sdiq edilir:<\/p>\n

Y\u0259hudiliyin t\u0259sdiqi Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rl\u0259r Kitab\u0131nda, Y\u0259\u015faya 40:8 ay\u0259d\u0259 olan m\u0259zmura \u0259saslan\u0131r: \u00abOt quruyar, cic\u0259k solar, amma Allah\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc \u0259b\u0259di qalar\u00bb.<\/p>\n

M\u0259sih\u00e7iliyin t\u0259sdiqi \u0130ncil\u0259, Matta 5:18 ay\u0259y\u0259 \u0259saslan\u0131r: \u00ab\u00c7\u00fcnki siz? do\u011frusunu deyir\u0259m: G\u00f6y v\u0259 yer kecib getm\u0259d\u0259n, h\u0259r \u015fey icra olmadan, Qanundan \u0259n ki\u00e7ik bir h\u0259rf v\u0259 ya bir n\u00f6qt\u0259 bel\u0259 yox olmayacaqd\u0131r\u00bb.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcs\u0259lmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u0259sdiqi Quran\u0131n 6:115-ci ay\u0259sind\u0259ki Sur\u0259y\u0259 \u0259saslan\u0131r: Ucalardan Uca Allah\u0131n h\u0259qiqi v\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259tli S\u00f6z\u00fc yerin\u0259 yetdi. Onun s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc hec kim d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259 bilm\u0259z. O, h\u0259r \u015feyi e\u015fid\u0259n v\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259ndir!\u00bb (Osmanovun t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si).
\nH\u0259m\u00e7inin 10:64 (65); 6:34 ay\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 bax\u0131n.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s K\u0259lam\u0131n d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil.<\/p>\n

T\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcfl\u0259r olsun ki, yuxar\u0131da qeyd edilmi\u015f s\u00fcbutlardan bix\u0259b\u0259r olan insanlar M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s K\u0259lam\u0131n m\u0259qs\u0259dli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259hrif olundu\u011funu iddia edirl\u0259r. D\u00fcnyada says\u0131z-hesabs\u0131z \u0259lyazman\u0131n kecmi\u015fd\u0259 v\u0259 indi d\u0259 m\u00f6vcud oldu\u011funu xat\u0131rlasaq, bu c\u00fcr k\u00fctl\u0259vi d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin qeyri-m\u00fcmk\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc ac\u0131q-a\u015fkar g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Q\u0259dim d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 o zaman m\u00f6vcud olan k\u00fclli miqdar orijinal \u0259lyazmalar\u0131n v\u0259 onlar\u0131n k\u00f6c\u00fcrm\u0259l\u0259rinin v\u0259 h\u0259mcinin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif dill\u0259r\u0259 edilmi\u015f t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259l\u0259rinin, habel\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck bir regionun \u0259razisind\u0259 \u0130sa M\u0259sihin davamc\u0131lar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n dig\u0259r kitablardan g\u0259tirilmi\u015f sitatlar\u0131n t\u0259hrif edilm\u0259si praktiki bax\u0131mdan qeyri-m\u00fcmk\u00fcn idi.<\/p>\n

K\u0259lam\u0131n m\u0259tninin guya t\u0259hrif olunmas\u0131 iddialar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131nda hec bir s\u00fcbut dayanm\u0131r. H\u0259m bunun \u0259ksini iqrar ed\u0259nl\u0259r v\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 bizl\u0259r \u0130sa M\u0259sihin bu s\u00f6zl\u0259rini xat\u0131rlamal\u0131y\u0131q: \u00abM\u0259n siz\u0259 deyir\u0259m: \u0130nsanlar s\u00f6yl\u0259y\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259ri h\u0259r bo\u015f s\u00f6z \u00fcc\u00fcn qiyam\u0259t g\u00fcn\u00fcnd\u0259 hesab ver\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r\u00bb. (\u0130ncil; Matta 12:36).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n